BEYOND THE CONCRETE PETAL: When the Portman Atrium Becomes a Carbon-Negative Bio-Reactor

BEYOND THE CONCRETE PETAL

When the Portman Atrium Becomes a Carbon-Negative Bio-Reactor

The Building That Finally Learned to Breathe Back

By Arindam Bose | BeEstates Intelligence | Technology Tuesday |May 5, 2026

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Every Tuesday, I Promise Myself I Won't Talk to the Walls.

I tell myself I will stay in the lane of hard assets — cap rates, FSI, M40 pours, punch lists. I promise to keep it simple.

This Tuesday, after an entire week submerged in the concrete cathedrals of John Portman's Atlanta, I discovered something that made that promise impossible to keep.

The walls started talking back.

Last Thursday, I wrote about the man who built Atlanta from the inside out — the architect-developer who looked at a dying downtown and said: I will build a city here. With my own money. Against every expert opinion. Portman gave us the atrium: that soaring, sky-lit interior courtyard where elevators floated in glass capsules, balconies cascaded with hanging plants, and 75,000 square feet of lobby became, in his words, a new town square.

It was breathtaking.

It was also, in every material sense, inert.

Portman's concrete cathedral felt like a lung. It did not behave like one. It consumed energy, radiated heat, absorbed moisture, cracked silently over decades, and left behind a maintenance cycle so costly that the buildings it defined are now some of the most expensive structures in America to keep alive.

In 2026, the petal is waking up.

We are entering the era of Metabolic Architecture — where the atrium is no longer just a volume of conditioned air, a theatrical backdrop for glass elevators and cascading ferns. It is a carbon-active bio-reactor. A structure with a pulse.

This is the story of how we take Portman's raw brutalist soul — his love of organic plasticity, his obsession with nature brought inside, his belief that a building should feel like a living thing — and fulfill that vision with the smallest engineers on the planet:

Four-micron bacteria. And the cyanobacteria that have been quietly converting carbon into life since before the first multicellular organism drew breath.

Portman built the skeleton and the skin.

We are finally adding the cells.

The Problem: The Static Sin of Brutalism

Portman loved concrete for a reason he articulated with characteristic clarity. He did not choose it for economy or availability, though both were convenient. He chose it because it was the only material that could be poured, curved, and frozen into the biomorphic geometries his buildings demanded.

"I play constantly with the rectilinear and the curvilinear," he said. Concrete was the medium that let him resolve that tension — a liquid that could become anything, set into permanence, holding within its mass the impression of a mind that refused to be straight.

But concrete carries a structural sin that Portman's philosophy could not resolve: from the moment it sets, it begins to die.

The micro-crack forms within hours of curing — invisible, silent, the first hairline evidence of thermal cycling beginning its work. In an atrium like the Hyatt Regency Atlanta or the Marriott Marquis, where a glass roof focuses solar gain and the heating-cooling cycle runs 365 days a year, this process accelerates. By Year 5, micro-cracks are visible under inspection. By Year 15, moisture has found the reinforcement steel. By Year 25, the first carbonation front has arrived at the rebar. By Year 40, the structural engineer's report includes the phrase "remedial grouting recommended."

The maintenance bill on a Portman-era atrium over its lifetime rivals the original construction cost. Not because of failure. Because of the fundamental chemistry of Portland cement concrete in a high-humidity, thermally stressed environment.

And then there is the other sin: the carbon debt.

Every cubic metre of conventional M40 concrete carries approximately 380-450 kg of embodied CO₂ — emitted before the first guest checks in, before the first elevator rises, before the first convention fills the lobby. That debt is baked in. It does not reduce. It does not heal. The building is born in carbon arrears and spends its entire life simply trying not to make things worse.

Portman spent his career making concrete feel alive. In 2026, we are making it be alive.

The Immune System in the Mix: Self-Healing Bio-Concrete

The material is called Self-Healing Bio-Concrete (SHC), and the engineers responsible for its healing are bacteria so small that forty of them placed end-to-end would span the width of a human hair.

The two primary species in 2026 commercial and pilot applications are Sporosarcina pasteurii and Bacillus pseudofirmus. They operate on the same fundamental logic: dormant spores are embedded within the concrete matrix during the initial pour, encapsulated in lightweight carriers such as expanded clay aggregates or zeolite to protect them from the high-alkalinity environment of fresh cement. They wait. Years. Decades. In laboratory conditions, Bacillus pseudofirmus spores have been shown to remain viable for up to two centuries.

When a micro-crack forms and water infiltrates the matrix — the moment that begins every concrete failure story — the spores awaken. The water activates them. They begin consuming nutrients embedded alongside them in the mix. And they precipitate calcium carbonate — fresh limestone — directly into the crack.

The wound becomes a trigger. The building repairs itself.

What the 2026 data actually shows — and I want to be precise here, because this is engineering, not marketing:

Sporosarcina pasteurii in optimised mixes demonstrates compressive strength gains of 10-25% compared to control specimens, with documented crack sealing for fissures up to 0.8-1.0mm width in laboratory conditions. After healing, specimens show 65-90% compressive strength recovery — and in the best-performing studies, up to 86% of the pre-crack load-bearing capacity is restored. Bacillus pseudofirmus is optimised not for maximum initial strength boost but for extraordinary longevity, with its spores remaining viable far beyond conventional concrete's design life.

The practical engineering consequence: a structural atrium petal originally designed for a 50-100 year service life in conventional M40 concrete can, in bio-concrete specification, be modelled for 150-200+ years. These extended life projections are still being validated in field conditions — this is not a nameplate guarantee. But the mechanism is real, the laboratory evidence is robust, and the first real-world applications are showing results consistent with the science.

Metric	Portman-Era Raw Concrete	2026 Bio-Concrete
Design Life	50–100 years	150–200+ years (modelled)
Crack Closure	Manual repair, structural risk	Auto-sealing to 0.8–1.0mm demonstrated in lab
Strength Recovery	Progressive loss	65–90% recovery after healing
Major Maintenance Cycle	Every 10–20 years	Extended intervals; field data still maturing
Carbon Position	~380–450 kg CO₂/m³ embodied	Net embodied reduction of 40–50% with geopolymer binder

The direct cost delta in India today: standard M40 concrete runs ₹5,000–7,200 per cubic metre in markets like Mumbai and Bengaluru. Direct-infused bio-concrete with bacterial agents adds ₹3,500–5,000 per cubic metre premium. Encapsulated premium formulations run higher. This sounds significant until you run the lifecycle ledger — which we will do.

The Natural Evolution: Why Portman Would Have Used This

When Portman flew to Brasília in 1960 and returned devastated — "heartless, lifeless, cold" — he had encountered the terminal failure of modernism's claim that geometry could substitute for nature. His entire career was a counter-argument: that architecture must not merely reference natural forms but must invoke natural experience, must make human beings feel the presence of water, light, organic curve, and living landscape even in the middle of a downtown Atlanta block.

He used cast-in-place concrete precisely because it was the only material with sufficient organic plasticity — his phrase — to realise these forms. Steel is a material of assembly, linear and standard. Concrete is a material of creation, liquid and infinite. You pour it into the memory of the form you imagined, and it remembers.

Bio-cement is the natural evolution of this philosophy because it makes the literal true what Portman only made visually true. If a structure is designed to look like a living petal, it should possess a biological immune system to heal itself. If a building is conceived as an organism, it should have the metabolic capacity of one.

Portman achieved the appearance of organic life through concrete's form.

Bio-cement adds the processes of life.

From shape to function. From imitation to reality. From sculpture to metabolism.

The Lung: Active Phototrophic Sequestration

Now we move from the skeleton to the organ.

If bio-concrete is the immune system of the structure — healing, defending, preserving — the cyanobacterial installation is the respiratory system: the mechanism by which the atrium actively breathes, pulling carbon from the air and releasing oxygen in its place.

The species of interest in 2026 architectural pilots are Synechococcus elongatus and Arthrospira platensis (Spirulina) — photosynthetic microorganisms that fix carbon at rates that dwarf any terrestrial plant by orders of magnitude.

The sequestration data per square metre of active surface area:

CO₂ capture rate: 1.5–2.0 kg per day
O₂ production rate: 1.2–1.6 kg per day
Photon conversion efficiency: 3–5% (versus approximately 1% for most terrestrial plants)
Sequestration density: approximately 50 times higher than standard indoor plant coverage

At atrium scale: a 100 m² active cyanobacterial installation in a Portman-style lobby can scrub in the range of 54–73 tonnes of CO₂ annually. To put that in physical context: the Hyatt Regency Atlanta atrium occupies approximately 5,600 cubic metres of air volume. At standard atmospheric CO₂ concentration of 1,000 ppm, the total CO₂ mass in that volume is roughly 11 kg. Your installation is cycling through the equivalent of that entire air mass fifteen to twenty times per day. This is not passive green-washing. This is chemistry doing continuous work.

I want to be clear about what these numbers represent: they are scenario calculations based on controlled performance data from pilot installations, not yet from multi-year logged performance in full-scale hotel atria. Real-world performance depends on light delivery, temperature control, nutrient management, and system maintenance. The Singapore highway lung pilot — which integrates vertical photobioreactor panels into urban infrastructure and achieves sequestration rates up to 50 times higher than equivalent tree coverage in dense corridors — provides the most credible real-world analogue at scale.

The oxygen consequence is equally significant. A 100 m² installation produces approximately 120–160 kg of O₂ daily — sufficient, in theory, to support 150–200 people at normal respiratory demand. For atrium HVAC design, this translates into a potential 30–40% reduction in mechanical fresh-air intake requirements, with corresponding energy and carbon savings on the operational side.

The critical engineering constraints that no honest account can omit:

Light saturation is the primary bottleneck. Cyanobacteria require a minimum photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) of 400–600 µmol/m²/s. In a Portman atrium, achieving this in the lower reaches of a 22-story sky-lit space requires either solar pipes to redirect roof-level light or tuned LED supplementation — with its own energy cost. At 0.2 kWh per kilogram of CO₂ captured, a 100 m² system running 24/7 draws approximately 35 kWh per day. If powered from a standard grid at 0.4 kg CO₂/kWh, you return approximately 14 kg CO₂ per day — leaving you approximately 92% carbon-positive on the sequestration side, assuming red-spectrum optimised LEDs. The gap is closed most elegantly by building-integrated photovoltaics on the existing atrium skylight.

Culture crash is the operational risk that keeps facility managers awake. These are living colonies. Without automated nutrient dosing, pH balancing, and real-time turbidity monitoring, a culture can crash within 72 hours — transforming the building's lung into a methane-producing liability and a very expensive public relations problem. By 2026, the standard specification includes YOLO-based AI optical monitoring for fouling detection, automated cross-flow harvesting, and redundant culture backups. This is the system that separates a functioning bio-reactor from a green marketing gesture.

The Connective Tissue: Mycelium as the Interlayer

In December 2025, I wrote about mycelium — the biological algorithm, the self-assembling material that grows itself and should not exist in a construction specification but increasingly does. Today it reappears, not as a standalone insulation product but as the connective tissue between the bio-concrete skeleton and the cyanobacterial lung.

The bonding mechanism is now well-documented. When living mycelium is applied to hardened bio-concrete — not fresh pours, where the high pH interferes with growth — the fungal hyphae penetrate the concrete surface to a depth of approximately 25 µm, following the microscopic contours of the porous matrix and creating a mechanical interlocking root system that binds the two materials without adhesive. At the interface, calcium-rich crystals form directly on the hyphae — a biomineralised bridge between the organic fungal network and the inorganic concrete structure.

The properties this interlayer delivers in a Portman-scale atrium:

Thermal insulation: Thermal conductivity of 0.035–0.045 W/m·K — equivalent to high-grade polymer foams, with the additional advantage of 2–3 times lower thermal diffusivity, meaning the skin is a superior thermal buffer, absorbing heat slowly and releasing it even more slowly. In an atrium where the glass roof creates significant diurnal thermal swing, this buffering property reduces peak HVAC load at precisely the moment it is most expensive.

Acoustic dampening: Mycelium's fibrous mesh traps sound with a noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of 0.45–0.85 depending on density and thickness — comparable to mineral wool and industrial acoustic panels. In the large reverberant volumes of a Portman lobby, this is not a trivial benefit. The Marriott Marquis atrium, at full convention capacity, has an acoustic energy problem that no amount of hanging sculpture has ever fully resolved. A mycelium interlayer in the structural petals would change the listening experience of the space.

Fire performance: This is where the data becomes genuinely surprising. Mycelium-based composites do not melt, drip, or release toxic fumes under heat. They form a protective char layer — char yield up to 48% — that acts as a thermal shield for the structural concrete behind it, extending fire resistance time substantially and releasing minimal smoke with no cyanide compounds. In a 22-story enclosed atrium where evacuation is the primary life-safety concern, this is a material property worth paying for.

The humidity challenge in a Portman lobby running at 60–80% relative humidity year-round is real: untreated mycelium can absorb 15–32% moisture content. The 2025–2026 fix is a combination of prolonged growing periods (21+ days creates a denser, more hydrophobic outer hyphal layer that reduces capillary absorption by up to 28%) and hemp-based substrate selection. At 90% RH — the worst-case Portman atrium scenario — additive-enriched mycelium shows manageable hygrothermal performance with a predictable thermal conductivity increase that can be engineered into the specification.

The Hybrid Petal: 2026 Specification

No single material does everything. The 2026 hybrid petal specification integrates three systems into a unified structural component — the Portman 2.0 petal — that is simultaneously a structural element, a biological immune system, a carbon sink, and a thermal skin.

Layer 1 — Bioreceptive Structural Shell (The Skeleton)

High-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (HPFRC) with bio-healing agent encapsulation. Rice husk ash (RHA) cement paste for reduced embodied carbon. Crushed expanded clay aggregate for porosity and water retention. Surface pH management to allow biological colonisation without compromising structural alkalinity. Section thickness: 4–6 inches versus Portman's original 12–24 inch solid sections — approximately 60% material reduction while meeting or exceeding original load-bearing requirements through ultra-high-performance fiber matrix.

The structural logic: Portman had to overbuild to account for the sacrificial layer — the outer concrete thickness that would eventually carbonate, crack, and corrode. With self-healing bio-concrete, the sacrificial layer repairs itself. Engineers can reduce the safety factor, producing a structurally superior component at less than half the mass.

Layer 2 — Mycelium Interlayer (The Connective Tissue)

50–100mm living or semi-dormant mycelium composite bonded to the hardened concrete shell via fungal biowelding. Hemp or agricultural substrate base for long-term viability. Hydrophobic outer hyphal layer for humidity resistance. Functions as thermal insulator, acoustic dampener, fire shield, and biological interface.

Layer 3 — Modular Algae Insert (The Lung)

Double-glazed high-transmittance glass or ETFE photobioreactor module slotted into a cast-in reveal in the structural shell. Chlorella vulgaris or Arthrospira platensis culture maintained at pH 7.0–11.0. Target capture rate: 150–200 kg CO₂ per year per panel under controlled 24/7 LED PAR. Automated harvesting via cross-flow ultrafiltration triggered by turbidity sensors. Greywater nutrient integration — a Portman-scale hotel produces sufficient shower and sink water to satisfy 100% of bioreactor hydration and nutrient needs, upcycling approximately 2.2 million litres of waste water annually while eliminating $20,000 in synthetic fertiliser OPEX.

The structural performance comparison:

Component	Original Portman (1970s)	Portman 2.0 (2026)
Compressive strength	30–40 MPa	150–200+ MPa (UHPFRC layer)
Section thickness	12–24 inches solid	4–6 inches hollow hybrid
Dead load	~2,400 kg/m³	~900–1,200 kg/m³
Fire resistance	Standard code	Extended (mycelium char layer)
Self-repair	None	Autonomous to 0.8–1.0mm cracks
Carbon position	Embodied emitter	Active sink over lifecycle

The 1967 Hyatt atrium petal, replicated in 2026 specification: the original 18-inch solid slab becomes a 45mm UHPFRC structural face backed by a 100mm bio-reactor cavity — one-third the weight of the original, structurally superior, and metabolically alive.

The Economics: From Carbon Debt to Carbon Credit

Portman's genius was financial as much as architectural — the developer-architect who wrote his own cheques. So let us write the cheque for his building's evolution.

The 2026 material premium on a 100 m² structural atrium using this specification runs approximately ₹3.5–7 lakh above standard M40 construction, depending on bacterial encapsulation method and algae module complexity.

The lifecycle delta that makes this premium rational:

Conventional M40 concrete in a high-humidity atrium requires approximately ₹12,000 per cubic metre in maintenance and repair costs over its lifetime — crack monitoring, chemical injection, waterproofing cycles, and eventual structural grouting. Bio-concrete's self-healing mechanism eliminates the majority of this expenditure. The payback period on the material premium: approximately 12–15 years. After that, the bio-concrete is generating savings.

But the real financial revolution is what happens at the policy layer.

In the United States, the One Big Beautiful Bill Act (OBBBA) of 2025 preserved and enhanced Section 45Q. For CO₂ that is chemically "utilized" — including being fixed into building materials — the credit runs $85 per metric tonne. For direct air capture pathways, $180 per metric tonne. A Portman atrium with an active cyanobacterial installation scrubbing 60+ tonnes of CO₂ annually sits in the policy vicinity of these credits — not as a guaranteed literal match to every regulatory definition, but as an asset that is policy-ready for the current and next generation of utilization-based frameworks. The OBBBA also enables "Direct Pay" for the first five years, allowing project owners to receive IRS cash payments rather than tax offsets — critical for high-CAPEX atrium retrofits.

In India, the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) became operational in early 2026. Carbon Credit Certificates (CCCs) are issued by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency and traded on exchanges including IEX. Early 2026 analyst pricing: ₹600–1,200 per CCC (equivalent to ₹600–1,200 per tonne of CO₂ avoided or removed). A 100 m² installation generating 64 tonnes of annual sequestration produces approximately ₹38,400–76,800 in annual CCC revenue at current market rates.

Stack on the Union Budget 2026-27's ₹20,000-crore CCUS scheme, which unlocks up to 25% capital subsidies for projects using certified low-carbon materials. Add the property tax rebates now available in Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana — 5–20% for buildings integrating carbon-sequestering materials. Add the LEED v5 certification premium, which became mandatory for all new registrations on July 1, 2026, and which now directs 50% of all certification points toward carbon reduction — making your bio-concrete specification directly credit-generative.

The green premium data from 2026 transactions: carbon-negative certified properties in major Indian metros command 11–21% sales premiums and 12–20% rental premiums over non-certified peers, and transact approximately 15–20% faster — reducing carrying costs for the developer.

The lifecycle financial summary for a 100 m² structural atrium:

Financial Phase	Standard M40	Bio-Concrete Hybrid	Delta
Material cost	₹6,50,000	₹9,50,000	+₹3,00,000
15-year maintenance	₹4,50,000	₹0 (autonomous)	-₹4,50,000
CCC revenue (15 yr)	₹0	₹5,76,000–11,52,000	+₹5.76–11.52L
Asset valuation gain	Baseline	+₹18,00,000 (cap rate compression)	+₹18,00,000
25-year net position	₹13,50,000 cost	Net positive	~₹20L+ swing

The premium pays back within Year 12. After that, the building is earning. The carbon debt has become a carbon credit.

The Regulatory Stack: What You Must Build Before You Can Claim It

The credits do not arrive automatically. They arrive through Digital Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification (dMRV) — the truth layer that converts biological activity into bankable financial instruments.

The 2026 standard sensor stack for a certified atrium bio-reactor:

NDIR carbon flux sensors at air intake and exhaust of each petal: measuring the precise differential in CO₂ concentration, proving that carbon has moved from the air into the biology.

IoT biomass monitors in the photobioreactors: optical density sensors calculating real-time biomass growth — the direct proxy for carbon fixed.

Embedded concrete stress gauges: piezoelectric sensors in the structural shell verifying self-healing events by monitoring micro-crack closure and strength recovery over time.

Blockchain-linked data logger: a central gateway that geotags and timestamps all data and pushes it to a decentralised registry — the Indian Carbon Market Portal or equivalent — to prevent double-counting and ensure audit trail integrity.

Under LEED v5, product-specific Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) are now mandatory. Industry-average data no longer qualifies. Your bacterial strain, your algae culture, your mycelium substrate — each requires a third-party verified EPD that explicitly accounts for bio-carbon uptake under your specific conditions.

Your atrium is no longer just a building.

It is a fintech product with a metabolic rate, a data stack, and a quarterly credit statement.

The 2026 Pilots: Where This Is Already Real

I want to ground this in what has actually been built, because the conversation between the proven and the aspirational is where this series lives.

Singapore (2025–2026):
The most credible large-scale analogue is the vertical algae panel initiative integrating photobioreactor modules into highway infrastructure and smart urban furniture. These are transparent vertical modules maintaining microalgae cultures that scrub CO₂ and vehicle pollutants at rates up to 10 times higher than equivalent tree coverage in dense urban corridors. Not yet cast into structural concrete — but demonstrating the biology at scale, in an outdoor environment, under real atmospheric conditions.

Rotterdam — Respyre (2025–2026): The Marineterrein Amsterdam Living Lab and Rotterdam municipal retrofits are piloting bioreceptive concrete that allows moss and cryptogamic organisms to grow directly on the surface — a passive biological skin on structural and retaining wall elements. Dutch startup Respyre has demonstrated surface temperature reductions of up to 5°C through this passive biological coverage. This is the structural concrete side of the equation, proving that biology and load-bearing concrete can coexist at building scale.

The honest gap: No pilot as of mid-2026 has successfully cast the active algae photobioreactor directly into the structural concrete pour as a single unified element. The reason is straightforward: concrete is opaque, and algae require photons. The 2026 solution is the hybrid petal specification described above — a structural exoskeleton that protects and feeds a biological engine through a modular insert system, bypassing the transparency problem while preserving structural integrity.

The fully integrated "poured petal" — bio-concrete skeleton, mycelium interlayer, and cyanobacterial lung in a single cast component — is a 2027–2028 target, waiting on advances in transparent high-performance concrete and maintenance access engineering.

Why Portman Would Have Built This

In his office at Peachtree Center, Portman kept his own paintings. Swirling amoeba-like forms in vivid reds, blues, and yellows — shapes that everyone who saw them recognised immediately as abstractions of his buildings. The connected volumes, the interlocking curves, the organic geometries that could not quite be named.

He painted the same thing he built. He built the same thing he believed.

And what he believed, most fundamentally, was that a building should not pretend to be alive.

It should be alive.

He never achieved this in material terms. He achieved it in spatial and experiential terms — the theatre of light and movement and water sounds and hanging plants, the illusion of nature brought inside at metropolitan scale.

In 2026, the material terms are finally catching up to the philosophical ambition.

The bio-concrete heals its own wounds. The mycelium interlayer forms its own bonds. The cyanobacterial lung breathes for the building. The automated dMRV stack gives the whole organism a nervous system, reading its vitals in real time and reporting them to a blockchain that converts metabolic activity into financial value.

This is not a building that looks organic.

This is a building that is organic — one that metabolises, repairs, and participates in the carbon economy of the city around it.

Portman called his house Entelechy. Greek for potential realised.

The Portman 2.0 atrium is precisely that: the potential he built into every concrete petal, finally realised — not through scale or theatre or the drama of the glass elevator — but through the four-micron bacterium that woke up inside the wall, consumed a crack, and repaid the building's original carbon debt one molecule of limestone at a time.

The Challenge for You — The Reader

As we turn these atriums into urban bio-reactors, one question gets louder than the HVAC:

If the building is alive, who is the real facility manager?

Is it a civil engineer with a torque wrench, or a microbiologist with a nutrient-dosing algorithm?

Is the true bottleneck:

Light saturation? Can we deliver enough photons into the cavities of a 40-metre atrium to keep the lung productive through a northern winter or a monsoon overcast?

Culture-crash risk? What happens when a "living" wall dies back in a building whose brand equity depends on the permanence of the spectacle?

The insurance gap? How do underwriters price an asset that has a metabolic rate, a crash mode, and a learning curve on its maintenance schedule?

Tell me in the comments. Tell me which bottleneck you think actually controls the adoption curve — and who you think is ready to manage the Concrete Lung of 2027.

This was my Technology Tuesday rabbit hole.

Next week?

I'll make myself the same promise: "Keep it simple, Arindam."

And once again, I know I'll fail.

Beautifully.

— Arindam Bose

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If the Anonymity Tax ended the Shadow Buyer, the Concrete Lung just invited the Institutional ESG Fund to the table.

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