The Window That Sweats
When Glass Learns to Regulate Heat Like Skin
By Arindam Bose
Curious observer of where biomimicry, building economics, and India's ₹1.11 lakh crore glass industry collide
⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡
Every Tuesday, I Try to Keep It Simple
Every Tuesday, when I sit down to write about construction and technology, I make myself a promise:
"This week, Arindam... keep it straightforward. One material. One process. Something solid."
And every Tuesday, without fail, that promise collapses.
Last week it was GPU racks that rewrote FSI-The Compute Corridor When Blackwell Density Rewrites FSI. Before that, buildings that bring their own nuclear reactors- The Sovereign Campus Why India's Nuclear Revolution Will Redefine Real Estate. Before that, walls that store temperature like batteries- The "Battery" in the Wall- Arindam Bose
This week, I thought I'd finally picked something grounded.
Windows.
Just... glass. Transparent rectangles. How complicated could windows be?
But within minutes, I was staring at something that shouldn't exist:
Windows that don't just stand there. They breathe.
Not metaphorically. Actually.
Because in 2026, as AC brands flood Indian airwaves with "5-star savings" and "convertible cooling" ads, a different revolution is happening.
A revolution where the window—not the AC—is the hero of the cooling story.
And the villain? Clear glass. The beautiful, deadly, greenhouse-effect-inducing clear glass box that Indian developers have been building for three decades, then spending millions fighting with chillers.
This is the story of hydrogel kinetic glass—the technology that turns windows into living skin that sweats, shades, and shifts heat on its own schedule.
And why, in India's race to build climate-resilient infrastructure by 2030, this "sweating window" might be the only way to escape the trap of fighting 45°C summers with brute-force air conditioning and diesel-powered cranes.
But more importantly, this is the story of how a ₹1.11 lakh crore Indian glass industry—built on clear float and basic coatings—is quietly being eaten alive by its own balance sheet.
And how hydrogel kinetic glass is the hostile takeover this status quo deserves.
The Problem
India's ₹1.11 Lakh Crore Glass Box Is Bankrupt
Here's the trap Indian construction walked into without noticing:
Every building we make is designed to resist change.
Rigid walls. Fixed windows. Static facades.
The climate swings. The building doesn't.
So we compensate with:
- HVAC systems running 24/7
- Chillers sized for peak noon load (and oversized by 30% "just in case")
- Maintenance crews patching thermal cracks every monsoon
- Diesel gensets covering for grid failures
- Energy bills that burn ₹1.2 crore per year on a 100,000 sq ft commercial building in Noida
The result?
In 2026, India's flat glass market is a ₹1.11 lakh crore machine that still behaves like a commodity mill.
Standard float grows at 4–5% a year while processed and smart glass races ahead at ~7% CAGR—and yet, 80% of installed area is still dumb annealed glass.
That's not a comfort zone.
That's 80% of the market sitting there, underpriced and overexposed, waiting to be eaten.
The Margin Squeeze: When Glass Makers Started Choking
The financials tell the same story.
Saint-Gobain India posts a 30% YoY profit jump on ₹5,000+ crore half-year revenue, but only by sprinting into higher-margin construction chemicals and "integrated skins."
AIS grows the top line by 8% but watches net profit slide 5–6%, locked in a ₹2,000-crore Capex race for new float lines and coatings.
Gold Plus takes a 13% profit hit and starts leaning on "value-added" glass for 30% of sales just to protect margins.
Energy and soda ash are chewing through P&Ls.
Only value-added skins are keeping the boardroom breathing.
The Industry Breakdown (Q3 2025-26):
Player Half-Year Revenue Net Profit Trend Strategic Response
Saint-Gobain India ₹5,162 Cr +30% YoY Acquiring construction chemical firms (Fosroc) to sell "integrated skins"
Asahi India Glass (AIS) ₹1,266 Cr -5.6% YoY ₹2,000 Cr Capex for new float lines and specialized coatings Gold Plus Glass ₹1,442 Cr (Annual) -13% YoY Pushing "value-added" glass to 30% of sales to offset raw material spikes
Look at the AIS numbers: Revenue is up 8%, but profit is down 5%.
Why?
Because they are stuck in a high-Capex arms race—building bigger float lines, betting on volume, and praying that soda ash prices don't spike again.
The boardroom line you can't ignore:
"Float is becoming a utility business. If you're not moving your mix toward smart, phase-change facades, you're volunteering to be the low-margin balance sheet that funds your competitor's R&D."
Translation?
Clear glass is a depreciating asset.
And the only way out is to make the window smarter than the chiller.
The Biology Play
How a Window Learns to Sweat
The Tech: A Liquid Sandwich
Developed by teams at the University of Toronto and NTU Singapore, this isn't just a coating.
It's a liquid sandwich.
A micro-layer of hydrogel—a water-polymer mix—is placed between two panes of glass.
The "Sweat" Mechanism: Like Human Skin
The glass responds to heat. When the Noida sun pushes temperatures past a specific threshold (the Lower Critical Solution Temperature, or LCST), the hydrogel undergoes a phase change.
From Clear to Opaque:
The liquid turns from transparent to "milky" white. It scatters incoming sunlight, blocking the infrared (heat) while still letting in diffused natural light.
The "Heat Sink" Bonus:
Because hydrogel is mostly water, it has a high specific heat capacity.
It doesn't just block heat. It absorbs it.
Acting as a thermal buffer that delays the "heat peak" in a room by up to 2 hours.
This is not a metaphor.
This is thermodynamics.
Your skin sweats when you're hot—and the evaporation cools you down.
The hydrogel window does the same thing—minus the evaporation, plus the phase change.
The NTU Proof: 12 PM → 2 PM
In tests comparing a normal glass window to the hydrogel "liquid window," the highest stored thermal energy in normal glass occurs at 12:00 PM.
With the smart liquid window, this temperature peak is delayed to 2:00 PM, effectively shifting the building's heat-load peak by about 2 hours into the afternoon.
Why This Matters:
At solar noon (around 12:00 PM), the sun is nearly overhead (close to 90° zenith).
The roof absorbs most of the overhead radiation, while facades are less exposed.
By mid-afternoon (2–3 PM), the sun has moved westward and is striking the building at a slant angle, which means the vertical facades (windows on the sides) are now receiving more direct radiation.
The hydrogel's thermal inertia means the building's interior doesn't spike at noon—it "sweats" and releases heat later.
The Real Estate Impact Table:
Metric Traditional Clear Glass Low-E Coated Glass Hydrogel Kinetic Glass Solar Heat Gain (SHGC) High (0.82) Moderate (0.40) Dynamic (0.20–0.25 during peaks) HVAC Load Reduction 0% (Baseline) 10–15% 30–45% Energy Input None None None (Passive) Sound Insulation Standard Improved +15% better (Liquid dampening) Peak Heat Delay None None 2 hours (12 PM → 2 PM)
Translation for developers:
A hydrogel window doesn't just cut your cooling bill.
It reschedules when your building experiences peak thermal stress—letting you buy a smaller chiller on Day 1.
The HVAC Math
30–45% Isn't a Guess—It's a Simulation
The "30% HVAC reduction" isn't marketing fluff.
It's an annual average efficiency gain vs. low-E glass, derived from simulations across multiple climates.
The NTU Data (Singapore, Beijing, Riyadh):
Energy simulations across Singapore, Beijing, and Riyadh showed that hydrogel liquid windows can cut HVAC energy consumption by up to 45% compared to normal clear glass, and deliver around 30% lower annual HVAC demand than conventional low-emissivity glazing.
While the exact MJ/m²·year savings differ by climate, the published record reports relative efficiency gains rather than absolute figures.
Why This Matters for Noida:
Noida (NCR) sits in a climate that swings hard:
- Morning: 26°C, 70% RH
- Afternoon: 34°C, 80% RH
- Delta: 10°C swing, humidity stays high
Trigger logic for hydrogel facade:
- Opens vents when temp >32°C
- Tightens louvers when RH >80%
- Self-shades south/west exposures during 2–5 PM peak
Navi Mumbai (Coastal) sits in a different hell:
- Night: 24°C, 80% RH
- Day: 30°C, 90% RH
- Delta: 6°C swing, constant wetness from showers
Trigger logic:
- Louvers swell shut when surface moisture detected
- Relax open as they dry (2–3 hour cycle)
- Maintain tightness during sustained rain events
The insight:
Between Noida's 10°C daily swings and Navi Mumbai's 90% humidity walls, the monsoon itself becomes the actuator.
The facade doesn't "decide."
It simply follows physics—opening, tightening, shading as heat and moisture cross thresholds baked into the material's memory.
The Acoustic Bonus
When Liquid Becomes a Sound Barrier
Here's what NTU didn't shout about, but should have:
Lab soundproof tests showed roughly a 15% improvement in airborne noise attenuation compared to a conventional double-glazed unit (DGU), thanks to the hydrogel liquid layer between the glass panes.
Why This Matters for India:
In Noida, your office building doesn't just fight heat.
It fights the Delhi-Noida Direct (DND) Flyway at 7 AM.
It fights metro construction.
It fights honking, drilling, and the perpetual chaos of a city that never stops building.
The hydrogel liquid layer acts as an acoustic buffer—damping vibrations before they reach the inner pane.
This is not just "nice to have."
This is the difference between a conference room where people can hear each other and a conference room where every Zoom call is punctuated by truck horns.
The Delhi-NCR developer pitch:
"Your hydrogel facade isn't just cutting your cooling bill by 30%. It's also cutting external noise by 15% over standard DGUs—without adding a single decibel-rated acoustic panel."
The SHGC Ledger
Why 3M Film Is a Band-Aid, Not a Strategy
When a developer in Greater Noida asks, "Why not just buy 3M sun-control film?", here's the answer:
The Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) Comparison:
Glass Type SHGC What It Means Standard Clear Glass 0.82 Lets in 82% of solar heat Low-E Coated Glass 0.40 Cuts solar heat by 50% Hydrogel Glass (Opaque State) 0.20–0.25 Cuts solar heat by 75%
A 3M sun-control film is a static filter.
It can shave SHGC from 0.82 down into the 0.50–0.60 range, but it can't decide when to admit or reject heat.
A hydrogel window behaves differently:
In cool conditions, it stays clear (SHGC 0.70–0.80), maximizing daylight and passive solar gains.
As the facade overheats, its SHGC collapses toward 0.20–0.25—about 50% lower than low-E glass and drastically below retrofit films.
You're not just tinting the glass.
You're installing a thermal valve that cuts and delays the heat load itself.
The developer's closing line:
"A film is a tint. A hydrogel window is a decision-maker."
The Hybrid Synergy
When Windows Sweat and Harvest
This is where the story stops being about "better glass" and starts being about "energy-generating facades."
The Question:
Can we have a window that sweats (Hydrogel) and harvests (Transparent PV)?
The Answer:
Yes. And it's already been prototyped.
The BICPV Breakthrough (Nottingham + BICPV Labs):
Recent BICPV prototypes from university labs show that a hydrogel thermotropic window can both regulate solar heat gain and concentrate reflected light onto edge-mounted PV cells.
In building-energy simulations, the hydrogel layer cuts annual HVAC demand by roughly 30–45% compared to clear glass, while the concentrating PV strips at the edges reach about 7–10% electrical conversion efficiency at facade scale.
Taken together, this "sweating and harvesting" glazing concept delivers an effective total energy performance in the 40–55% range, depending on climate and orientation—pointing to the next frontier of Passive Dynamic Skins, where the facade is both a thermal buffer and an active power plant.
How It Works:
- The hydrogel layer dynamically reflects solar radiation when it hits its phase-change temperature.
- The reflected portion is directed to edge-mounted PV cells (Luminescent Solar Concentrators, or LSC-style edge harvesting).
- The window simultaneously reduces cooling load and generates electricity—without blocking daylight.
The Total Energy Efficiency Table:
Component Efficiency Contribution What It Does Hydrogel Thermal Regulation 30–45% HVAC reduction Cuts and delays heat admission Edge-Mounted PV (LSC) 7–10% electrical conversion Harvests reflected solar radiation Combined Performance 40–55% total energy efficiency Thermal + electrical gains
The developer's pitch:
"NTU's liquid window taught the building how to sweat. BICPV hydrogel facades teach it how to sweat and feed itself at the same time."
The "Shark Bite" Economics
Why Kinetic Glass Is the Hostile Takeover Clear Glass Deserves
Now we get to the part that matters: the money.
Because everything else—the phase change, the peak shift, the acoustic dampening—is just physics.
This section is about whether the physics pays rent.
The CapEx vs. OpEx Reality Check
Traditional developers look at the sticker price.
Smart developers look at the 10-year yield.
The Sticker Price Table:
Glass Type Cost per Sq Ft What You Get Traditional DGU ₹800 – ₹1,200 Basic thermal insulation Electrochromic (Wired Smart Glass) ₹5,000 – ₹7,500 Tinting, but requires wiring, rare-earth oxides (tungsten), controller networks Hydrogel Kinetic Glass (2026) ₹2,800 – ₹3,500 Passive tinting, no wiring, solution-processed (printing/spraying)
On paper, kinetic glass looks "expensive."
In reality, electrochromic is the real luxury hobby.
Wired smart glass makes you pay for rare-earth oxides, controller networks, and facade-side electrical engineering, stacking ₹5,000–7,500 per square foot on Day 1.
A hydrogel kinetic skin skips the tungsten, skips most of the wiring, and uses solution processing—coatings and lamination the industry already understands—to land in the ₹2,800–3,500 band.
You're saving ₹2,000 per sq ft versus electrochromic and still getting 30% HVAC reduction.
The shark line:
"You're not paying a premium for kinetic glass. You're clawing back a hidden tax you've been quietly paying to your chillers and your soda-ash suppliers for 10 years."
The Noida Payback: Turning Facade Spend Into an Income Statement
Let's use real Noida numbers.
The Baseline Case (100,000 Sq Ft Noida Office):
- Noida Sector 62 commercial tariff: ₹8–10 per unit
- Annual cooling spend: ₹1.2 crore per year
The Kinetic Glass Case:
- 30% HVAC reduction = ₹36 lakh saved per year
- Incremental facade Capex (vs. basic high-performance glass): ₹1.5 crore
- Chiller downsizing: 300 TR → 200 TR, saving ₹40–50 lakh in Capex (or at least ₹15–20 lakh on a conservative "shave")
The Math:
For a 100,000 sq ft Noida commercial block on a ₹8–10/unit tariff, a conventional glass box burns roughly ₹1.2 crore a year on cooling.
Swap in kinetic hydrogel glazing and you shave 30% off the HVAC load—that's ₹36 lakh/year back into your NOI.
Even if your facade Capex is higher by ₹1.5 crore, the combination of annual savings and a smaller chiller plant (200 TR instead of 300 TR) pulls your breakeven down to about 3.5–3.8 years.
After that, the facade isn't a sunk cost.
It's effectively an interest-bearing asset.
The shark line:
"Anything that pays back in under four years is not an expense. It's a financing instrument disguised as glass."
The "Chiller Shave": Finding Money the Developer Didn't Know They Had
This is the "shark" move—finding money in the BOQ that was already there, just hidden.
The Physics:
Hydrogel smart windows don't just reduce how much heat enters the building.
They reschedule when it hits.
In NTU-style tests, the peak heat stored in the facade shifts from around 12 pm to about 2 pm, meaning your mechanical plant sees a flatter midday load curve instead of a noon spike.
That temporal "sweat lag" is what lets you spec a smaller chiller on Day 1.
You're not just trimming your energy bill.
You're deleting equipment from the BOQ.
The Chiller Sizing Table:
Building Size Standard Chiller (300 TR) Hydrogel-Enabled Chiller (200 TR) Capex Savings 100,000 Sq Ft ₹60–70 lakh ₹40–50 lakh ₹15–20 lakh 200,000 Sq Ft (Grade-A) ₹1.2–1.4 crore ₹80 lakh – 1 crore ₹40–50 lakh
That shift, combined with lower Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC dropping toward 0.20–0.25 in the opaque state), is what unlocks a 25% TR reduction.
On a 200,000 sq ft Grade-A office, that's ₹40–50 lakh off the HVAC plant upfront.
On smaller shells, even a conservative ₹15–20 lakh "chiller shave" is more than enough to fund the kinetic upgrade delta.
The facade is literally pre-paying for your plant room.
The one-liner:
"Because the window sweats on time, your chiller never has to."
The "Greenium" and Exit: Making Dumb Glass a Valuation Risk
By 2026, a glass building without at least IGBC Super-Gold or LEED Platinum is functionally sub-prime.
The Market Reality:
Green-rated offices in India already command a 7–12% rental premium and better absorption than Grade-B stock.
REITs and global funds are underwriting ESG risk into their cap rates.
A dumb clear-glass facade is a red flag on every future divestment memo.
The threat:
"If your envelope can't deliver real energy savings on a meter, not just on a brochure, Brookfield and Mindspace will price it like a stranded asset in 2030. You're not just losing rent; you're losing your eventual exit."
The Greenium Table:
Building Type Base Rental (₹/sq ft/month) Green-Rated Premium Effective Rental Grade-B (Clear Glass) ₹70 0% ₹70 IGBC Gold / LEED Platinum ₹70 7–12% ₹75–78
On a 200,000 sq ft building, that 10% rental premium translates to ₹20–24 lakh extra per month.
Over 10 years?
That's ₹2.4–2.9 crore in additional NOI—just from having a smarter window.
The India Angle
Why This Isn't a Singapore Dream—It's Landing in Bengaluru
If you think hydrogel kinetic glass is a high-cost Singaporean abstraction, look toward Bengaluru.
The CeNS Breakthrough (July 2025):
In July 2025, researchers at Bengaluru's Centre for Nano and Soft Matter Sciences (CeNS), an autonomous DST institute, quietly cracked a cost barrier that has held back smart windows.
Led by Dr. Ashutosh K. Singh, the team replaced costly tungsten-oxide chemistry with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) films and aluminium-ion electrolytes, creating a dual-functional electrochromic window that both blocks heat and stores electricity.
Their large-area prototypes can modulate up to 41% of near-infrared (NIR), alongside strong visible and solar modulation, while also behaving like a thin-film capacitor with stable charge–discharge performance over thousands of cycles.
What This Means:
The device is electrochromic, so it can modulate transmission in the visible and near-infrared (NIR).
The DST note reports solar, luminous, and NIR transmittance modulation of about 55%, 47%, and 41%, respectively, even with a 340 nm TiO₂ film.
Crucially, it also shows real capacitance around 34 mF/cm² and retains 96% capacity over 2000 cycles, meaning the window stores electrical energy while switching—hence the "dual-functional" (smart window + energy storage) framing.
The India play:
So while Saint-Gobain and Glass Wall Systems are scaling electrochromic facades like the Rio Business Park in Bengaluru, Indian government-backed labs are already patenting the next wave of "active-passive" skins—windows that don't just switch tint but also buffer heat and bank energy in the same device.
This isn't a Singapore-or-Toronto abstraction anymore.
The hardware is literally being prototyped in Bengaluru, with Mumbai and Noida as the next logical testbeds.
The Margin Squeeze: Why Glass Makers Are Desperate for This
While the big giants are still scaling electrochromic glass (like SageGlass), the Indian scientific community is already quietly leapfrogging into the "cost-effective" hydrogel and thermochromic space.
The incumbents are telegraphing their fear:
- Saint-Gobain is buying up construction-chemical and facade-system businesses to sell "skins," not just sheets.
- AIS is dropping ₹2,000+ crore into new float and coating capacity to defend share.
- Gold Plus is scrambling to push value-added glass to 30% of revenue.
Everyone knows plain float is heading toward utility-level margins—high Capex, volatile energy and soda ash, thin returns.
Yet the so-called "smart glass revolution" is still dominated by electrochromic systems that are chemically expensive and electrically messy.
The Hydrogel Positioning:
Hydrogel and thermochromic systems are the hostile bidder in this story: passive-active skins that behave like smart glass at the facade but don't drag in tungsten, rare-earth supply chains, wiring harnesses, and control boxes on every floor.
You still get the ESG badge, the 30–40% HVAC reduction, the 2-hour peak-heat delay—but at roughly half the installed cost of electrochromic.
For a board that's already choking on Capex, that's not an innovation pitch.
It's a survival plan.
The Global Smart Glass Market Reality:
By 2026, the global smart glass market is expected to hit $5 billion, growing at 8.4% CAGR toward $10.3 billion by 2035.
India's smart glass demand is growing at 11%+ (outpacing the global 8.4%).
The efficiency gap: Electrochromic glass (the current king) owns 61% of the market, but it's expensive and "active" (requires wires).
The shark argument:
"Thermochromic/Hydrogel is 'Passive-Active.' It gives the developer the Smart Glass ESG badge without the Electrical Engineering nightmare."
The Challenge for You—The Reader
If hydrogel kinetic glass can eliminate the "cost of air," flatten HVAC loads by 30%, give buildings an acoustic buffer, and unlock green finance at half the installed cost of electrochromic—what must happen first for it to scale in India?
Is it:
a) Material costs dropping below ₹2,500/sq ft for bio-based hydrogel systems?
Technology is proven, but first costs still create friction for Tier-2/Tier-3 developers.
b) IGBC creating explicit "Adaptive Envelope" certification tracks?
Right now, developers must navigate Innovation credits—a formal lane would accelerate adoption.
c) A major developer (DLF, Lodha, Godrej) committing to a full hydrogel tower pilot?
Proof of concept at scale would collapse skepticism overnight.
d) Saint-Gobain or AIS announcing local hydrogel production lines?
Without domestic manufacturing, import duties and lead times will choke adoption.
e) The first "sweating tower" in Noida or Mumbai delivering 3.5-year payback on record?
Nothing sells like a case study with audited energy bills.
Comment your answer—let's see where the industry thinks the real bottleneck is.
The Closing:
Are You Building a Landmark, or a Liability?
In the 2000s, we built glass boxes to show off wealth.
In the 2010s, we stapled blinds onto them to hide the heat.
In 2026, a clear-glass facade doesn't say "premium"—it says the developer can't do math.
The industry's own balance sheets are screaming that the float-glass Capex race is unsustainable:
Energy and soda ash are eroding margins. 80% of the market still sits in low-yield annealed glass. AIS grows revenue by 8% but watches profit drop 5%. Gold Plus takes a 13% profit hit. Saint-Gobain survives only by selling "skins," not sheets.
Phase-change glazing—hydrogel, thermochromic, kinetic BICPV skins—is the hostile takeover this status quo deserves:
A window that slashes TR by 25%. Knocks ₹36 lakh a year off a 100,000 sq ft cooling bill. Costs ₹2,000/sq ft less than wired smart glass. Pays back in 3.5 years. Adds 7–12% rental premium via IGBC/LEED certification. Generates electricity while it sweats (BICPV hybrid).
The financial choice for 2026 is binary.
You can either follow the Asahi/Saint-Gobain Capex race, spending billions on traditional float lines that are vulnerable to soda ash price swings.
Or you can pivot to Phase-Change Glazing.
With a 7% CAGR in processed glass and an 11% surge in Indian smart-city demand, the "Clear Box" is a depreciating asset.
The future belongs to those who treat their windows as Energy Profit Centers, not just holes in the wall.
The only real question left for a Noida or Mumbai boardroom is brutally simple:
Are you still pouring Capex into a depreciating clear box—or are you ready to turn your windows into an energy profit centre?
Don't buy a 5-star AC this summer.
Buy a window that knows when to blush.
If your skin can adapt to 45°C, why is your building still wearing a 1920s tuxedo of clear glass?
This was my Technology Tuesday rabbit hole.
Next week? I'll make myself the same promise:
"Keep it simple, Arindam."
And once again, I know I'll fail.
Beautifully.
⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡⬡
If buildings can now bring their own sun, program themselves to breathe, and store cooling in their walls—what happens when the window becomes smarter than the chiller?
Welcome to the sweating tower.
→ Read how buildings bring their own power: The Sovereign Campus: Why India's Nuclear Revolution Will Redefine Real Estate:- The Sovereign Campus Why India's Nuclear Revolution Will Redefine Real Estate
→ Read how buildings program themselves: 4D Printing and the Era of Programmed Infrastructure:- 4D Printing and the Era of Programmed Infrastructure
→ Read how walls store cooling: The "Battery" in the Wall:- The "Battery" in the Wall- Arindam Bose
Comments
Post a Comment